The export process of Colombian emeralds

Colombian emeralds are fascinating jewels that have captivated collectors and jewelry lovers around the world for centuries. The process of exporting these precious gems is essential to bring the country's mineral wealth to international markets. Below is described step by step how this process is carried out:

1. Extraction in mines

Emerald extraction is a complex process that requires experience and care to ensure the preservation of gems and the safety of workers. Then I describe the general steps involved in the extraction of emeralds:

1. Location of the site: Before starting the extraction, the emerald deposits are identified and evaluated. These deposits can be found in specific regions, such as Muzo, Chivor and Coscuez in Colombia, which are known for producing high-quality emeralds.
2. Site preparation: Once the site is located, the site is prepared for extraction. This may involve the construction of infrastructure such as access roads, workers' camps and extraction equipment.
3. Open or underground sky extraction: The extraction of emeralds can be carried out in the open or underground mines, depending on the location and geology of the site. In open-air mining, the surface layer of earth and rock is removed to access emerald veins. In underground mining, tunnels and galleries are dug to reach the emerald veins within the rock.
4. Manual or mechanical extraction: The extraction of emeralds can be done manually, using tools such as beaks, shovels and hammers to extract the gems from the surrounding rocks. Mechanical equipment, such as excavators and drillers, can also be used to speed up the extraction process.

2. Classification and selection

Once extracted, the emeralds are carefully classified and selected according to their color, clarity, size and shape. The higher quality gems are separated for export, while those of lower quality can be used for other uses or treatment processes.

3. Gemological certification

The certification of a Colombian emerald implies a rigorous process carried out by specialized gemological laboratories that evaluate and document the physical, chemical and optical characteristics of the gem. The following, I describe the general steps involved in the certification of a Colombian emerald:

1. Gem's reception: The emerald arrives at the gemological laboratory where certification will be performed. It is important that the gem is duly identified and accompanied by all relevant documentation, such as purchase invoices and certificates of origin.
2. Visual examination: An expert gemologist examines emerald using tools such as magnifiers and microscopes to identify any visible features, such as inclusions, fractures, irregular coloring areas and carving marks.
3. Authenticity tests: Tests are carried out to verify the authenticity of the emerald and detect any treatment or artificial alteration. These tests may include infrared spectroscopy analysis, mass spectrometry, ultraviolet fluorescence and other chemical and physical analysis methods.
4. Color evaluation: The color of the emerald is evaluated in terms of tone, saturation and uniformity. This is done by using colorimetry tools and comparison with established reference patterns.
5. Clarity Analysis: The clarity of emerald is examined to determine the amount and visibility of inclusions and other imperfections. This is done using microscopy techniques and inclusion classification according to their type, size and distribution.
6. Measurements and records: Precise measurements of the physical dimensions of the emerald are made, such as length, width and depth, as well as weight in carats. All data obtained during the certification process are meticulously recorded in an official report.
7. Lcerting issue: Once all tests and evaluations have been completed, a gemological certificate is issued that provides a detailed description of the emerald characteristics, including its color, clarity, weight, dimensions and any treatment detected. This certificate serves as a document of identification and guarantee of the authenticity and quality of the gem.

4. Packaging and documentation

Once certified, emeralds are carefully packed in safe and resistant containers that protect gems during transport. The necessary documentation for customs clearance, including certificates of origin, gemological certificates, commercial invoices and other documents required by local and international authorities, is prepared.

5. Customs procedures

The export process involves the submission of the relevant documentation to the Colombian customs authorities, which verify the legality and conformity of the export. Once the customs formalities have been approved, the emeralds are ready to be sent to their final destination abroad.

6. International transport

Colombian emeralds are transported through different means of transport, which can include an airplane, boat or truck, depending on the location of the destination and the preferences of the exporter. During transport, additional security measures are put in place to ensure the integrity and safety of gems.

7. Arrival at the destination

Once the emeralds arrive at their final destination abroad, they are received by authorized buyers or distributors, who verify the quality and authenticity of the gems before making them available to the market.

Paula A. Bonilla 

Social communicator and journalist from Sergio Arboleda University in Colombia. She is also a jeweler and is passionate about constantly learning about precious gems and national high jewelry.

Currently, she is working for one of Bogotá's most important jewelry stores, Emerald by Love. This jewelry store has over 40 years of experience and has 2 physical branches in the capital city of Colombia, located in the city center.